From “The Hidden Roots of White Supremacy: and the Path to a Shared American Future” by Robert P. Jones
Between 1833 and 1834, massive, forced removal of approximately 18,000 of the 23,000 Choctaw residents to Oklahoma resulted in the deaths of over 2,500 – predominantly children, the sick, pregnant women, and the elderly – due to starvation and exposure on what a Choctaw chief described as “the trail of tears and death.” The Choctaw Removal Treaty also contained yet another empty US promise about the security of their new homes west of the Mississippi River; that “no part of the land granted them shall ever be embraced in any Territory or State.”